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06-Spring Retry

Ms.Zyh2026/9/27大约 6 分钟08-Spring常用

一、快速开始

第一步：导入jar

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.retry</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-retry</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-aop</artifactId>
</dependency>

第二步：在启动类上通过@EnableRetry开启

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableRetry
public class TestSpringApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(TestSpringApplication.class, args);
    }
}

第三步：使用@Retryable定义接口：

public interface SpringRetryService {
    String retryMethod() throws Exception;
}

@Service
public class SpringRetryServiceImpl implements SpringRetryService {
    @Override
    @Retryable(value = Exception.class)
    public String retryMethod()throws Exception {
        System.out.println(new Date()+"class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message= execute retryMethod");
        int x = 10/0;
        return "OK";
    }
}

第四步：测试

@SpringBootTest
public class TestApplication {
    @Resource
    private SpringRetryService springRetryService;
    @Test
    public void test() throws Exception {
        springRetryService.retryMethod();
    }
}

输出结果：

Tue Jul 08 13:33:48 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message= execute retryMethod
Tue Jul 08 13:33:49 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message= execute retryMethod
Tue Jul 08 13:33:50 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message= execute retryMethod
Tue Jul 08 13:33:51 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message= execute retryMethod

java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero

二、@Retryable注解

@Retryable注解：

属性类型默认值含义
recoverString""标记了 @Recover 的方法名称，进行降级处理或错误补偿
valueClass<? extends Throwable>[]{}重试的异常类
includeClass<? extends Throwable>[]{}重试的异常类
excludeClass<? extends Throwable>[]{}不重试的异常类
maxAttemptsint3重试的次数
maxAttemptsExpressionString""重试的次数SPEL表达式
statefulbooleanfalse是否采用有状态重试，即在同一个参数下异常时，能够记住此前的重试状态
backoffBackoff@Backoff含义
exceptionExpressionString""含义
listenersString[]{}含义
interceptorString""含义

2.1 recover属性

@Service
public class SpringRetryServiceImpl implements SpringRetryService {
    @Override
    @Retryable(value = Exception.class)
    public String retryMethod()throws Exception {
        System.out.println(new Date()+"class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message= execute retryMethod");
        int x = 10/0;
        return "OK";
    }

    @Recover
    public String retryMethod(Exception ex){
        System.out.println(new Date()+"class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message="+ex.getMessage());
        return "FAIL";
    }
}

结果：

Tue Jul 08 13:36:57 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message= execute retryMethod
Tue Jul 08 13:36:58 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message= execute retryMethod
Tue Jul 08 13:36:59 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message= execute retryMethod
Tue Jul 08 13:37:00 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message= execute retryMethod
Tue Jul 08 13:37:00 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message=/ by zero
FAIL

2.2 value、include、exclude属性

方式1设置value和exclude属性：

@Service
public class SpringRetryServiceImpl implements SpringRetryService {
    @Override
    @Retryable(value = Exception.class,exclude = {ArithmeticException.class})
    public String retryMethod()throws Exception {
        System.out.println("class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message= execute retryMethod");
        int x = 10/0;
        return "OK";
    }
}

结果：未重试

Tue Jul 08 13:39:03 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message= execute retryMethod

java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero

方式2设置include和exclude属性：

@Service
public class SpringRetryServiceImpl implements SpringRetryService {
    @Override
    @Retryable(include = {ArithmeticException.class},exclude = {ArithmeticException.class})
    public String retryMethod()throws Exception {
        System.out.println(new Date()+"class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message= execute retryMethod");
        int x = 10/0;
        return "OK";
    }
}

结果：未重试

Tue Jul 08 13:39:03 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message= execute retryMethod

java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero

exclude的效果高于include。

2.3 maxAttempts、maxAttemptsExpression属性

只设置maxAttempts

@Service
public class SpringRetryServiceImpl implements SpringRetryService {
    @Override
    @Retryable(value = Exception.class,maxAttempts = 5)
    public String retryMethod()throws Exception {
        System.out.println(new Date()+"class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message= execute retryMethod");
        int x = 10/0;
        return "OK";
    }
}

结果：由默认的3次改为5次

Tue Jul 08 13:41:15 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message= execute retryMethod
Tue Jul 08 13:41:16 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message= execute retryMethod
Tue Jul 08 13:41:17 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message= execute retryMethod
Tue Jul 08 13:41:18 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message= execute retryMethod
Tue Jul 08 13:41:19 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message= execute retryMethod

java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero

只设置maxAttemptsExpression

@Service
public class SpringRetryServiceImpl implements SpringRetryService {
    @Override
    @Retryable(value = Exception.class,maxAttemptsExpression = "#{3+3}")
    public String retryMethod()throws Exception {
        System.out.println(new Date()+"class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message= execute retryMethod");
        int x = 10/0;
        return "OK";
    }
}

结果重试6次

Tue Jul 08 13:43:43 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message= execute retryMethod
Tue Jul 08 13:43:44 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message= execute retryMethod
Tue Jul 08 13:43:45 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message= execute retryMethod
Tue Jul 08 13:43:46 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message= execute retryMethod
Tue Jul 08 13:43:47 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message= execute retryMethod
Tue Jul 08 13:43:48 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message= execute retryMethod

java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero

同时设置maxAttempts、maxAttemptsExpression属性,maxAttemptsExpression大于maxAttempts

@Service
public class SpringRetryServiceImpl implements SpringRetryService {
    @Override
    @Retryable(value = Exception.class,maxAttempts = 4,maxAttemptsExpression = "#{3+3}")
    public String retryMethod()throws Exception {
        System.out.println(new Date()+"class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message= execute retryMethod");
        int x = 10/0;
        return "OK";
    }
}

结果：

Tue Jul 08 13:45:20 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message= execute retryMethod
Tue Jul 08 13:45:21 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message= execute retryMethod
Tue Jul 08 13:45:22 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message= execute retryMethod
Tue Jul 08 13:45:23 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message= execute retryMethod
Tue Jul 08 13:45:24 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message= execute retryMethod
Tue Jul 08 13:45:25 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message= execute retryMethod

java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero

同时设置maxAttempts、maxAttemptsExpression属性,maxAttemptsExpression 小于 maxAttempts

@Service
public class SpringRetryServiceImpl implements SpringRetryService {
    @Override
    @Retryable(value = Exception.class,maxAttempts = 7,maxAttemptsExpression = "#{3+3}")
    public String retryMethod()throws Exception {
        System.out.println(new Date()+"class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message= execute retryMethod");
        int x = 10/0;
        return "OK";
    }
}

结果：

Tue Jul 08 13:47:28 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message= execute retryMethod
Tue Jul 08 13:47:29 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message= execute retryMethod
Tue Jul 08 13:47:30 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message= execute retryMethod
Tue Jul 08 13:47:31 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message= execute retryMethod
Tue Jul 08 13:47:32 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message= execute retryMethod
Tue Jul 08 13:47:33 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message= execute retryMethod

java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero

maxAttemptsExpression的优先级高于maxAttempts。

2.4 stateful 属性

@Service
public class SpringRetryServiceImpl implements SpringRetryService {
    @Override
    @Retryable(value = Exception.class,stateful=true)
    public String retryMethod(Integer param)throws Exception {
        System.out.println(new Date()+"class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message="+param);
        int i = 10 / param;
        return "param="+i;
    }
}

@SpringBootTest
public class TestApplication {
    @Resource
    private SpringRetryService springRetryService;
    @Test
    public void test() throws Exception {
        for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
            try {
                int param = i % 2;
                System.out.println(springRetryService.retryMethod(param));
            } catch (Exception e) {
                System.out.println("class=TestApplication,method=test,message=" + e.getMessage());
            }
        }
    }
}

结果：不重试

Tue Jul 08 14:02:52 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message=0
class=TestApplication,method=test,message=/ by zero
Tue Jul 08 14:02:53 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message=1
param=10
Tue Jul 08 14:02:53 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message=0
class=TestApplication,method=test,message=/ by zero
Tue Jul 08 14:02:54 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message=1
param=10
Tue Jul 08 14:02:54 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message=0
class=TestApplication,method=test,message=/ by zero
Tue Jul 08 14:02:54 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message=1
param=10

2.5 backoff属性

backoff注解：

public @interface Backoff {
    long value() default 1000L;
    // 等待发起重试的时间，单位毫秒
    long delay() default 0L;
    // 等待发起重试的时间，最大的阻塞时间
    long maxDelay() default 0L;
    // 每次重试延迟时间的增长倍数
    double multiplier() default 0.0;

    String delayExpression() default "";

    String maxDelayExpression() default "";

    String multiplierExpression() default "";
    // 为每次重试延迟加上一定的随机扰动
    boolean random() default false;
}

测试1:

@Service
public class SpringRetryServiceImpl implements SpringRetryService {
    @Override
    @Retryable(value = Exception.class,backoff=@Backoff(delay = 3000L))
    public String retryMethod()throws Exception {
        System.out.println(new Date()+"class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message=execute retryMethod");
	int i = 10 / 0;
        return "OK";
    }
}
@SpringBootTest
public class TestApplication {
    @Resource
    private SpringRetryService springRetryService;
    @Test
    public void test() throws Exception {
        System.out.println(springRetryService.retryMethod());
    }
}

结果：时间间隔3秒

Tue Jul 08 14:14:31 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message=execute retryMethod
Tue Jul 08 14:14:34 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message=execute retryMethod
Tue Jul 08 14:14:37 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message=execute retryMethod

java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero

测试2:

@Service
public class SpringRetryServiceImpl implements SpringRetryService {
    @Override
    @Retryable(value = Exception.class,maxAttempts = 5,backoff=@Backoff(delay = 3000L, multiplier = 2))
    public String retryMethod()throws Exception {
        System.out.println(new Date()+"class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message=execute retryMethod");
        int i = 10 / 0;
        return "OK";
    }
}
@SpringBootTest
public class TestApplication {
    @Resource
    private SpringRetryService springRetryService;
    @Test
    public void test() throws Exception {
        System.out.println(springRetryService.retryMethod());
    }
}

结果：发起等待时间3秒、6秒、12秒、24秒。

Tue Jul 08 14:26:06 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message=execute retryMethod
Tue Jul 08 14:26:09 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message=execute retryMethod
Tue Jul 08 14:26:15 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message=execute retryMethod
Tue Jul 08 14:26:27 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message=execute retryMethod
Tue Jul 08 14:26:51 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message=execute retryMethod

java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero

测试3:

@Service
public class SpringRetryServiceImpl implements SpringRetryService {
    @Override
    @Retryable(value = Exception.class,maxAttempts = 5,backoff=@Backoff(delay = 3000L, multiplier = 2,maxDelay = 8000L))
    public String retryMethod()throws Exception {
        System.out.println(new Date()+"class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message=execute retryMethod");
        int i = 10 / 0;
        return "OK";
    }
}
@SpringBootTest
public class TestApplication {
    @Resource
    private SpringRetryService springRetryService;
    @Test
    public void test() throws Exception {
        System.out.println(springRetryService.retryMethod());
    }
}

结果：发起等待时间3秒、6秒、8秒、8秒。

Tue Jul 08 14:24:09 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message=execute retryMethod
Tue Jul 08 14:24:12 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message=execute retryMethod
Tue Jul 08 14:24:18 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message=execute retryMethod
Tue Jul 08 14:24:26 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message=execute retryMethod
Tue Jul 08 14:24:34 CST 2025class=SpringRetryServiceImpl,method=retryMethod,message=execute retryMethod

java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
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